By Talking Health TV

For many people living with diabetes, technology plays a crucial role in managing their condition.

From insulin pumps to continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), advancements in diabetes technology are making it easier than ever to monitor blood sugar levels and administer insulin.

However, diabetes technology is not a one-size-fits-all solution, and individuals need to consider whether it is the right choice for them in consultation with their healthcare professional.

Types of Diabetes Technology

Diabetes technology falls into three broad categories:

• Tech for taking insulin – This includes insulin pens, smart insulin pens, and insulin pumps.
• Tech for checking blood sugar levels – Blood glucose monitors, CGMs, and flash glucose monitors.
• Tech to support diabetes management – Apps for carb counting, ketone monitors, and smart technology for tracking weight and activity levels.

Insulin Delivery Innovations

For individuals with type 1 diabetes and some with type 2, insulin administration is a daily necessity. The most common method remains insulin pens, but technological advancements now offer more options, such as smart insulin pens and insulin pumps.

A more advanced option is the closed-loop system, sometimes referred to as an artificial pancreas. This system integrates an insulin pump with a CGM, allowing for automatic insulin adjustments based on blood sugar readings.

Monitoring Blood Sugar Levels

Keeping blood sugar levels within target ranges is crucial to avoiding complications such as nerve damage, heart disease, and vision problems. Traditional blood glucose monitors require finger pricks and test strips, but newer technologies like CGMs and flash glucose monitors allow users to check their levels without pricking their fingers.

CGMs provide real-time data, helping users understand how their blood sugar fluctuates throughout the day and night. However, access to these devices can depend on meeting NHS prescription criteria, with private purchase being an alternative for those who can afford it.

Supporting Diabetes Management

Beyond insulin and blood sugar monitoring, other technological tools are emerging to help individuals manage their diabetes effectively. Ketone monitors help measure the level of ketones in the blood, a critical factor in preventing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). These are provided on the NHS for individuals with type 1 diabetes and may be beneficial for others who use insulin.

Meanwhile, mobile apps provide valuable tools for tracking carbohydrate intake, physical activity, and weight management. Some apps are specifically designed for people with diabetes, making daily management more accessible and data-driven.

The Next Generation of Diabetes Technology

Researchers continue to explore new ways to improve diabetes technology, with several promising advancements on the horizon:

1. Further Advances in Closed-Loop Systems

Current hybrid closed-loop systems still require manual input for meals and exercise, but researchers are working towards fully automated versions. Innovations such as the iLet “bionic pancreas” aim to improve algorithm accuracy and insulin dosing automation. Future systems may even incorporate multi-hormone technology, delivering both insulin and glucagon for better blood sugar regulation.

2. Continuous Ketone Monitoring (CKM)

Ketone testing is essential for individuals with diabetes who use insulin, particularly during illness or periods of fasting. Currently, testing requires urine strips or finger pricks, which can be inconvenient and unreliable. CKM technology would function similarly to CGMs, offering real-time ketone monitoring and providing early warnings of dangerous ketone build-up.

3. Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring

One of the most anticipated advancements in diabetes technology is non-invasive glucose monitoring, eliminating the need for needles. Scientists are developing wearable devices that use infrared light to measure glucose levels through the skin. Research has shown promising accuracy, and prototypes such as a wristwatch glucose monitor could be available within the next few years.

Access to Diabetes Technology

While diabetes technology is advancing rapidly, accessibility remains a key issue. In the UK, some technologies are available on the NHS, but eligibility criteria must be met. For those who do not qualify for NHS coverage, purchasing these devices privately is an option, though costs can be high.

It is important to stay informed about the latest developments and discuss options with a healthcare professional before making a decision about diabetes technology.

Looking Ahead

The future of diabetes management is promising, with continuous innovation shaping how people monitor and control their condition. From closed-loop insulin delivery to non-invasive glucose monitoring, new technologies have the potential to transform diabetes care and improve the quality of life for millions of people.

As research progresses, ensuring that these advancements are both accessible and tailored to the needs of people with diabetes will be crucial. While no single solution will work for everyone, the growing range of options provides hope for more effective and personalised diabetes management in the years to come.

References

What is diabetes technology? (2024) Diabetes UK. Available at: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/about-diabetes/looking-after-diabetes/technology/what-is-diabetes-technology (Accessed: 18 February 2025).

Three exciting diabetes tech developments on the Horizon (2023) Diabetes UK. Available at: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/about-us/news-and-views/three-exciting-diabetes-tech-developments-horizon (Accessed: 18 February 2025).

NHS England. NHS rolls out artificial pancreas in world first move (2024) NHS choices. Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/2024/04/nhs-rolls-out-artificial-pancreas-in-world-first-move/ (Accessed: 18 February 2025).

Hybrid closed-loop technology (artificial pancreas) (2024) Breakthrough T1D UK. Available at: https://breakthrought1d.org.uk/knowledge-support/managing-type-1-diabetes/guide-to-type-1-diabetes-technology/hybrid-closed-loop-technology-artificial-pancreas (Accessed: 18 February 2025).